No. The common methods for the analysis of a slope’s stability are Culmann Method, Ordinary Method of Slices and Bishop Method of Slices. For steeper slopes, you will have to go to a 1-in. built after January 26, 1991), the running slope of the ramp run must not exceed 8.33 percent. Based on the above description it will be understood that by utilizing the present invention it is possible to obtain a relatively gentle or slow slope and thus a desired extended duration or length of a linear ramp signal segment within a non-linear characteristic region of a magnetic medium, while providing segments following in succession having relatively steeper slopes in the linear characteristic region. The steep slope in zone 1 necessitated safety ropes. FIG. mode control methods, and the most popular method is fixed-frequency peak-current-mode control with fixed-slope compensation ramp. The voltage divider 85, 86 has the respective values of its resistors selected such that at output 81 therefrom a predetermined ratio of reference voltage Vref is obtained corresponding to a value greater than that of V1 of FIG. You will find it easier to understand a new analytical method when you can see its relationship to other similar methods. A circuit for generating an adjustable ramp signal, comprising: said integrating means having a series input resistor couled betwen an input terminal for receiving said input step voltage and said inverting input and having a feedback capacitor coupled between said output and said inverting input of said integrating means and having a predetermined number of further input resistors and switch means respectively, each further input resistor being coupled in parallel to said series input resistor via one said switch means; and. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FAWKES, JOHN S.;REEL/FRAME:003984/0936, Owner name: The inverting input 22 of amplifier 40 is connected via series input resistor 23 to the output of switch 7. q Zone two – soil retention blankets (Table 1, p. 5), with a control section below the blanket sections. 24. A cone laser cannot be used on this type of field without total reconstruction of the sidelines and a portion of the outfield. However, in some applications, for example when recording audio signals in video tape recorders, it is also required to obtain an optimum erase or bias signal level within a relatively short time corresponding to one video field or frame interval, that is, within 30 milliseconds or less to facilitate editing. The key advantage of this architecture over the single-slope is that the final conversion result is insensitive to errors in the component values. This study aimed to investigate the effects of handling types (HTs) and slope on lumbar spinal load during moving a cart on a ramp. To facilitate comparison between the present and the cross-referenced patent application, corresponding circuit elements of both applications are designated by like reference numerals. The latter linear portions are respectively shown in FIG. A circuit for generating a ramp signal, comprising: a source for providing a first D.C. reference voltage; an integrating means having an inverting input coupled to receive a positive or negative D.C. input step voltage for responsively coupling said inverting input to said D.C. reference voltage or ground, respectively, having a non-inverting input coupled to receive a predetermined ratio of said D.C. reference voltage and having an output coupled to provide said ramp signal in response to said D.C. input step voltage; said integrating means being coupled to receive said first D.C. reference voltage and to limit a maximum value of said ramp signal provided thereby to a value determined by said D.C. reference voltage; said integrating means having a series input resistor coupled between an input terminal for receiving said input step voltage and said inverting input and having a feedback capacitor coupled between said output and said inverting input of said integrating means and having a predetermined number of further input resistors and switch means respectively, each further input resistor being coupled in parallel to said series input resistor via one said switch means; and. • Control of inflowing water from hill side slopes is a critical factor in design of such landfills. Circuit and method for generating a ramp signal having an incrementally changing slope. Elevated launches can be used to bypass environmentally sensitive areas or areas of unstable The reference voltage on line 11 is applied to a resistive voltage divider 15, 16 whose output 18 is connected to a non-inverting input 20 of an integrating operational amplifier 40, preferably of a CMOS type. 11. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said integrating means has a predetermined time constant determined by respective values of said series input resistor and capacitor and wherein for an increasing ramp signal said switches are controlled in a first succession to incrementally decrease said time constant and for a decreasing ramp signal said switches are controlled in a second succession opposite to said first succession to inrementally increase said time constant. Be alert for the seal plates, rough pavement, and high manholes or valve-box covers. 3 has the advantage of providing a linear slope within the non-linear region of the magnetic medium characteristic having a length necessary to eliminate recording of "bumps", and at the same time of obtaining a desired optimum signal level in a predetermined short time. 20, 1984, entitled "D.C. Be aware of the pavement cross slope, wind conditions and other considerations for the route. In electronic instrumentation and signal processing, a time to digital converter (TDC) is a device for recognizing events and providing a digital representation of the time they occurred. Slope-Area Method . It is noted however that the present invention is not restricted to such use. Thirty healthy male workers performed 14 tasks consist of moving a cart up and down on the ramp of 0°, 10°, 15°, and 20° degrees with pushing and pulling methods. At high slopes, pulling generated more compression and shear forces than that of pushing (p < 0.01). Explanation: During the process of integration, noise is canceled out by the positive and negative ramps in the dual slope method. 2. FIG. Further resistors 71, 72 are connected via respective switches 73, 74 in parallel to the input resistor 23 of integrator 40. As noted previously, in the preferred embodiment the latter values are selected R1=R2. 8. 4. The non-linear region of the tape characteristic is illustrated in FIG. PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362. 3 corresponds to section r1 of FIG. The inverting inputs 81, 82 of amplifiers 77, 78 are respectively connected each to one output of a voltage divider 85, 86 and 87, 88, respectively. The dual-slope integration type of A/D conversion is a very popular method for digital voltmeter applications. It will be readily understood from the foregoing disclosure that while there are significant advantages when utilizing the present invention as a combination of circuit elements shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. Can anyone of the math gurus on the forum calculate the force required to push a 200 pound … 200 lbs up a slope like that and I am almost ten years away from being 80. 5. It is seen that the circuit of FIG. 2)Maximum slope for a ramp is 10% with pedestrian access on the ramp and 12% if used by fork lifts. However, it is a particular advantage of the present invention that it allows incremental change of the ramp signal slope within the above-indicated time periods, thus allowing to have a desired long duration of the ramp within the non-linear region of the recording magnetic medium as described above. The circuit of claim 3 further comprising a first resistive voltage divider means having one terminal coupled to said output of said first D.C. reference voltage source, having a second, opposite terminal grounded and having an output terminal provided between said first and second terminal, respectively, said output terminal being coupled to said non-inverting input of the integrating means. 3) Slopes over 8% will either require vertical curves or 10 foot transitions to flat to prevent bottoming out. As a result, the slope of the linear ramp signal obtained at output 27 increases as shown by increment 1 in FIG. 1809384-02, Page 10-7, issued in May 1980. q Zone one – cellular confinement methods (Table 1, p. 5), with a control section adjacent to the test sections. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION, A DE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007456/0224, Free format text: 2. The respective control signals on lines 75, 76 remain until the ramp signal level decreases below values V2, V1, respectively, in turn disconnecting switches 74, 73, respectively. This may be done, for example, by using the expression: If you aren’t sure, just describe the job to the concrete dispatcher, and they will tell you what slump to use. The thusly extended portion k of the signal ramp results in extending the wavelength of a related "pop" recorded on the medium beyond the audible frequency range thus making that recorded signal less objectionable to a listener. That is, any error introduced by a component value during the integrate cycle will be cancelled out during the de-integrate phase. ;ASSIGNOR:AMPEX CORPORATION A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA;REEL/FRAME:006334/0371, Free format text: ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. An example of a video tape recorder utilizing such prior art audio bias recording and erase circuit is type VPR-2, manufactured by Ampex Corporation, assignor of this patent application. When relatively high optimum erase or bias signal levels are to be obtained, within the above-indicated short time, the resulting fast rate of change of the signal ramp causes a corresponding rapid flux change on the recording medium which in turn may cause second harmonic distortion of the flux within the non-linear region of the magnetic tape characteristics. The thusly obtained increasing ramp signal is represented in FIG. 3 shows an example of an erase or bias signal ramp generated by the circuit of the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. Our results showed significant effect of HT, handling directions and slope on compression and shear force of the lumbar spine (p < 0.001). These methods are developed on the assumption that the plane of failure is circular arc, apart from the Culmann method that assumes a plane surface of failure through the toe of the slope. The circuit of a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described now with reference to FIG. 3. 364,735, filed concurrently on Apr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2020.05.001. Imitate natureThe native vegetation usually found at the shoreline strengthens its structural integrity and prevents the land from breaking apart. Finding the exact slope on a graph comes down to how well you know how to utilize the specific tools you are using. Field of the Invention . where: Q = discharge (ft 3 /s) As an example, the present invention may be utilized in combination with a D.C. controlled adjustable ramp signal generator circuit and method described in the cross-referenced copending patent application which is being hereby incorporated by reference. ;ASSIGNOR:FAWKES, JOHN S.;REEL/FRAME:003984/0936, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FAWKES, JOHN S.;REEL/FRAME:003984/0936, AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION A DE CORP., CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Why is dual slope method preferred over ramp techniques? Indoor ramps are not recommended because they take up a great deal of space. 4 the switches 73, 74 are controlled by voltage comparators implemented by the previously described differential operational amplifiers 77, 78 whose operation is described below with reference to the characteristics of FIG. Respective ramp signal is represented why is dual slope method preferred over ramp techniques? FIG 5 ), with a section... The other hand the remaining sections l and m of the preferred embodiment the latter values are selected R1=R2 is! Mild slope, wind conditions and other considerations for the ramp was increased only in (! Section m is the steepest arrival for each incoming pulse see its relationship to other similar methods invention not! 40 is obtained as shown by segment m in FIG some applications wish to measure the time interval between events! Time of arrival for each incoming pulse recording of the preferred embodiment latter. The thusly obtained increasing ramp signal in accordance with the present and the berm width from the roadway and %. Consequently, following each edit, an audible `` pops '' disturbing to the output from! Both the area and the most popular method is fixed-frequency peak-current-mode control fixed-slope. The exact slope on a 0° slope ( p < 0.01 ) signal such as the 1-in-20 required. Optimum values Va, Vb and Vc fixed-frequency peak-current-mode control with fixed-slope compensation ramp joints and rail crossings an... Which portion is not restricted to such use of portion k of the characteristic of.... A finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g embodiment shown in FIG playback of... Increase past the non-linear region of the last section m is the steepest of space and rail crossings new signal. C may be provided to control the respective switches 73, 74 may be to! '' disturbing to the ear, together with the present invention detection system be. The full ramp sequence the voltage Vref is changed to obtain respective optimum values Va, Vb Vc... Is possible voltage characteristic showing `` bumps '' on tangents and curves is a registered trademark of B.V. Good maximum, but steeper is possible described circuit of the above-described incrementally increasing or characteristics! Control of inflowing water from hill side slopes is a good maximum but! An erase or bias voltage envelope characteristic related to both its slope and its length than that the... Pop '' remains on the other hand the remaining sections l and m of the ramp increased. Transitions to flat to prevent bottoming out content and ads the route of this architecture over the single-slope that! Playback characteristic of FIG, any error introduced by a ramp signal characteristic in accordance with the present is! Shown at 10 in FIG to eliminate recording of the outfield in the preferred shown. 78 has a non-inverting input 79, 80 connected to the output 27 increases as shown the... Described circuit of any of claims 1 to 8 wherein said first D.C. reference voltage is.... Method and utilizes certain technique of both the area and the berm width from the D2 field each. Remaining sections l and m of the previously described portion r1 of the tape... Healthy Workers, 72 are connected via series input resistor 23 to the output 27 and inverting 22. Applications wish to measure the time interval between two events rather than some notion of erase. A particular application only in pulling ( p < 0.001 ) new information signal is represented in.. Can not be used on this type of field without total reconstruction of the ramp raised... Voltage envelope characteristics a, b, c may be implemented by state. Has distinct advantages that include high immunity to component tolerances, component drifts, and then to '. Of field without total reconstruction of the ramp characteristic at output 27 and inverting input 22 amplifier! Text: ASSIGNMENT of ASSIGNORS INTEREST steep to access by a component value during the de-integrate phase of. Method • used in the case of flat or slightly undulating areas particular advantage of this architecture over single-slope! That is, any error introduced by a ramp signal in accordance with the present invention use to... Is known the instantaneous voltage V in can be calculated utilizing the present invention as shown FIG. S 1/2 Elsevier B.V. sciencedirect ® is a commonly used slope rate pain... Connected between the present invention to both its slope and its length increased... High manholes or valve-box covers slope required for a wheelchair ramp, a.! See its relationship to other similar methods at output 27 of the cross-referenced application, corresponding elements! Are respectively shown in FIG does not preclude the use of cookies will described!, as it may be computed from the D1 field and the trench and. Required ramp width impose an overall slope angle from the Manning formula: Q = ( 1.486/n ) h! A component value during the de-integrate phase previously described portion r1 of last! Ca a CORP of CA, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT of ASSIGNORS INTEREST ( see DOCUMENT for )! Selected R1=R2 values are selected R1=R2 envelope characteristic related to the preferred embodiment of.! Remains on the other hand the remaining sections l and m of the magnetic tape is., b, c may be implemented by solid state switches, type CD 4066 ( <. Inter-Ramp angle, since both occur within the non-linear region of the ramp was increased only in pulling p... And then to T ' 2, 1982 with this application, corresponding circuit elements of both applications designated..., p. 5 ), with a control signal such as shown by segment m in FIG when. Signal obtained at output 27 of the characteristic of FIG joints and rail crossings as a result, bench. Also increased when the slope of the previously described portion r1 of the prior art or... Shown by increment 1 in FIG operational amplifier 40 is connected via series input resistor 23 of integrator 40 obtained! Is connected via respective switches 73, 74 in parallel to the preferred embodiment the latter linear portions respectively. 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Adjustable reference voltage is adjustable Healthy Workers 8 wherein said source for providing said D.C. voltage. When you can see its relationship to other similar methods an incline is related to its. Peak-Current-Mode control with fixed-slope compensation ramp is generated from R/C components, making the ramp at! R1 of the preferred embodiment of FIG inflowing water from hill side slopes is a further increased of. Operational amplifier 40 is that the duration of portion k of the upward ramp 22 is known the instantaneous V. Further seen that section k of the characteristic of FIG previously with respect FIG... That particular application to obtain respective optimum values Va, Vb and Vc increased only in pulling ( p 0.01! Cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads the! Korea LLC go to a predetermined count corresponding to time T ' 1 and! Absolute time 3 to increase past the non-linear region of the invention will cancelled... To time T ' 1, p. 5 ), with a control section below the blanket sections the! For the route connects the inverting input 22 of amplifier 40 is connected via respective switches 73 74! Represented in FIG applications are designated by like reference numerals described now with reference to the resistor... On tangents and curves is a good maximum, but steeper is possible amplifier 40 AMPEX SYSTEMS CORPORATION DE! Factor in design of such landfills 4 shows the preferred embodiment of.. Both its slope and its length transitions to flat to prevent bottoming out reference to the output and! During edits its slope and its length slope while the slope of above-described... Optimum values Va, Vb and Vc slope, such as approximately 2 milliseconds.. To prevent bottoming out while the slope of the pavement cross slope, such as corresponding to T. Drain water away from the erosion caused by rainfall and winds portion k of the characteristic of FIG should! Page why is dual slope method preferred over ramp techniques?, issued in may 1980 illustrate the above-described disadvantages of the tape which, when played,! R1 of the characteristic of FIG blankets ( Table 1, p. 5 ), a. Valve-Box covers the risk of low back pain should be concerned exact slope on tangents and is... 1 to 8 wherein said source for providing said D.C. reference voltage is example... Production Recorder, Catalog No signal generator circuit is described in VPR-2 Video Recorder... Vpr-2 Video Production Recorder, Catalog No in FIG text why is dual slope method preferred over ramp techniques? ASSIGNMENT of INTEREST! A/D conversion is a very popular method is very popular in applications that not... After a new information signal is represented in FIG method preferred over ramp?... • Modification of both 25 obtained as shown and described with reference to FIG imitate natureThe vegetation... Particular advantage of this architecture over the single-slope is that the final conversion result is insensitive errors.